Backup process

We recommend a way to back up a MySQL or MariaDB database using the mysqldump dump command.

echo "SHOW DATABASES;" | sudo mysql

This command displays a list of your databases. Make sure you know which .sql file you need, and then simply run the following command to backup to the file.

sudo mysqldump example_database > $(date +"%F").sql

The command described above will back up the example_database to a file with a date ending in .sql. It is also possible to change the name of this file to any other, although saving the file name as a date will be useful if you accidentally delete an important row or column. Use date –help to learn about other ways to style your date.

Recovery

Here you need to find the .sql file that you created and run the following:

sudo mysql example_database < filename.sql

Migrating to MariaDB from MySQL

The first thing to do is back up each of your databases:

sudo mysqldump example_database > example_database.sql

After that, you will need to install MariaDB, which will replace MySQL, and restore your databases by following these steps for each database.

sudo mysql example_database < example_database.sql

Copying your data from the Ubuntu server

First, you need to be logged in as a user with root privileges. After successful login, you need to check the list of databases. This can be done by entering a simple command:

mysql -u USERNAME

Further, after a successful login, you need to enter a special command that will provide you with the entire list of databases. This command looks like this:

SHOW DATABASES;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| test_data          |
| important_db       |
| information_schema |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
+--------------------+
5 rows in set (0.012 sec)

Then you can close the command line by typing exit;

Using Mysqldump

You may need to use a password for login. To do this, just add -p to the command below. If you need to keep all databases, you can use the shortcut –all-databases instead of –databases names

mysqldump -u USERNAME --databases test_data important_db > database_dump.sql

Then the file is automatically generated. It will be named “database_dump.sql”. Its content includes all data for restoring the databases that you specify.

Protecting Your Backup Process

An important recommendation: if the data in the database contains sensitive data, then you should definitely encrypt it before you save or start the process of moving between servers. Run the first command below and then enter your password; it will not appear on your screen.

openssl enc -aes-256-cbc -pbkdf2 -in database_dump.sql -out database_dump.sql.enc
  enter aes-256-cbc encryption password:
  Verifying - enter aes-256-cbc encryption password:


rm database_dump.sql

In order for you to be able to decrypt your backup, you can use a special command, which is indicated below:

openssl enc -d -aes-256-cbc -pbkdf2 -in database_dump.sql.enc -out database_dump.sql
  enter aes-256-cbc encryption password:

The process of moving a backup

During the backup process, the .sql size can be bulky in size. This will negatively affect the file and data transfer process. Instead, you can use tools such as rsync to exchange data directly between servers.

rsync -a ./database_dump.sql user@185.186.244.123:/tmp/

185.186.244.123 – should be changed to your server address
user is the username on the remote server
tmp/ – should be replaced with your remote server directory

To restore your database, you can use the special mysql utility, an example is shown below:

mysql -u USERNAME <database_dump.sql