Installation

To install vsftpd, you must enter the following command:

apt-get install vsftpd

Configuration

First you need to open the configuration file using your text editor. This example uses vim

vim /etc/vsftpd.conf

vsftpd allows anonymous users to access the server by default. This feature is considered a serious security vulnerability. To disable, you must enter an anonymous login by changing the following line:

anonymous_enable=NO

To enable local login, uncomment the following:

local_enable=YES

The following command enables the download:

write_enable=YES

Next, you need to save the file and close the text editor. Then run vsftpd as a daemon:

service vsftpd start

This step is final in order to enter the FTP server from your local computer.

Additional IP price is $ 3

Next, to set up an alternate IP address in Debian and Ubuntu, follow these steps:

Log into your VPS using SSH. As the root user, open the /etc/network/interfaces file in your preferred text editor. Then add the following text to the file:

# The primary network interface
auto eth0:0
iface eth0:0 inet static
address xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
netmask 255.255.255.0

Next, replace xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx with the new IP address that you want to add to your VPS. Then save the changes in the same /etc/network/interfaces file and then exit your text editor. To restart the network interfaces on your server, you need to run the command:

ifdown -a --exclude = lo; ifup -a --exclude = lo

To verify that the procedure completed successfully, enter the following command:

ifconfig

The new IP address must be associated with interface eth0.

Checking Your Python Version

In order to go to upgrade your python, you need to check its version. This can be done using the following command:

python3 -V

If python is successfully installed on your server, then you should get something like this:

Python 3.6.7

Updating your Python Version

First, you need to install the required dependencies to compile the Python source code. This can be done using a special command, which is presented below:

# apt-get install wget build-essential libreadline-gplv2-dev libncursesw5-dev libssl-dev libsqlite3-dev tk-dev libgdbm-dev libc6-dev libbz2-dev libffi-dev zlib1g-dev liblzma-dev -y

After that, we recommend going to the Python source download page to find the latest gzip version of the source code. Replace the urls and filenames in this tutorial with the latest version. Then download your python

wget https://www.python.org/ftp/python/3.9.6/Python-3.9.6.tgz

After that, you need to unpack the archive that you just downloaded. You can do it like this:

tar xzf Python-3.9.6.tgz

Next, compile the Python source

cd Python-3.9.6 && ./configure --enable-optimizations

This is followed by the installation of your Python. Use the following command:

make altinstall

After that, a mandatory step for execution will be to check the name of your new Python executable file

ls /usr/local/bin/python*

Then Install the new default Python executable. Replace the two instances of /python3.9 in the following command with the name of your new Python executable

update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/python python /usr/local/bin/python3.9 1

Update your PIP

An important step for this update is to update your pip.

/usr/local/bin/python3.9 -m pip install --upgrade pip

Then you should check the name of your new pip executable

ls /usr/local/bin/pip*

Set the new item as default. Use the name of your new pip executable in the following command:

update-alternatives --install /usr/bin/pip pip /usr/local/bin/pip3.9 1

After that, you need to check the current version of your installed Python. You can make sure like this:

python -V && pip -V

After that, you will be able to see the following:

Python-3.9.6
pip 21.2.3 from /usr/local/lib/python3.9/site-packages/pip (python 3.9)

Dependency Installation

The first thing to do is run the following installation commands, which will be explained later

apt-get install binutils debootstrap

Then you should choose a place to configure chroot. We recommend using will use /var/chroot directory

Create the necessary directories

You need a create chroot folder

mkdir -p /var/chroot

This completes the setup of the preliminary steps. Next, you need to copy all the commands and their dependencies. This requires a command interpreter, so let’s copy bash.

mkdir -p /var/chroot/bin
cp /bin/bash /var/chroot/bin

Having looked at all the dependencies, you can run the following program

ldd /bin/bash

If you are using (for example) a 32-bit version, it will look just like this:

linux-gate.so.1 =>  (0xb773e000)
libtinfo.so.5 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.5 (0xb7718000)
libdl.so.2 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0xb7714000)
libc.so.6 => /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0xb75c3000)
/lib/ld-linux.so.2 (0xb773f000)

The following is the copying of files:

mkdir -p /var/chroot/lib 
mkdir -p /var/chroot/lib/i386-linux-gnu
cp /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libtinfo.so.5 /var/chroot/lib/i386-linux-gnu
cp /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 /var/chroot/lib/i386-linux-gnu
cp /lib/i386-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 /var/chroot/lib/i386-linux-gnu

Testing the environment

Checking the bash setting

chroot /var/chroot

If you need to connect to the network in chroot, you will need to run the following commands:

mkdir -p /var/chroot/etc
cp /etc/resolv.conf /var/chroot/etc
cp /etc/gai.conf /var/chroot/etc

user@localhost:~$ sudo apt update
user@localhost:~$ sudo apt install openvpn easyrsa

Basic configuration

• Configuration file

Copy the example from the documentation folder

user@localhost:~$ sudo cp /usr/share/doc/openvpn-*/sample/sample-config-files/server.conf /etc/openvpn

Go to the program settings folder

user@localhost:~$ cd /etc/openvpn

Open the main configuration file in a text editor

user@localhost:~$ sudo nano server.conf

Set the dh parameter pointing to the file ‘/etc/openvpn/dh.pem’

dh /etc/openvpn/dh.pem

After, you need to find the line:

;push redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp "

Then uncomment it

push redirect-gateway def1 bypass-dhcp

Find the user parameter and set its value to nobody:

user nobody

The same thing with the group:

group nobody

The paths to keys and certificates:

ca /etc/openvpn/ca.crt
cert /etc/openvpn/server.crt
key /etc/openvpn/server.key
tls-auth /etc/openvpn/ta.key 0

• Generation of keys and certificates

user@localhost:~$ mkdir -p ~/easy-rsa
user@localhost:~$ cp cp -rf /usr/share/easy-rsa/3.0.3/* ~/easy-rsa
user@localhost:~$ cd ~/easy-rsa

user@localhost:~$ ./easyrsa init-pki

A pki folder will be created with utility files in subdirectories

user@localhost:~$ ./easyrsa gen-dh

It will take some time and the file will be generated in the easy-rsa / pki / dh.pem folder

user@localhost:~$ ./easyrsa build-ca

You will be asked for a new password for the private key of your root certificate.

Plese, enter the password and write it down in a safe place, this password will be requested every time that everyone else signs this certificate.

user@localhost:~$ ./easyrsa build-server-full server nopass
user@localhost:~$ ./easyrsa build-client-full client nopass

user@localhost:~$ sudo cp pki/ca.crt pki/dh.pem pki/private/server.key pki/issued/server.crt /etc/openvpn/
user@localhost:~$ sudo chown root /etc/openvpn/*

Check the operability of the configuration

user@localhost:~$ sudo openvpn /etc/openvpn/server.conf

We get something like this “exhaust”

Tue Aug 13 09:31:11 2019 OpenVPN 2.4.7 x86_64-pc-linux-gnu [SSL (OpenSSL)] [LZO] [LZ4] [EPOLL] [PKCS11] [MH/PKTINFO] [AEAD] built on Feb 20 2019
Tue Aug 13 09:31:11 2019 Diffie-Hellman initialized with 2048 bit key
Tue Aug 13 09:31:11 2019 Outgoing Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash ‘SHA1’ for HMAC authentication
Tue Aug 13 09:31:11 2019 Incoming Control Channel Authentication: Using 160 bit message hash ‘SHA1’ for HMAC authentication
Tue Aug 13 09:31:11 2019 ROUTE_GATEWAY 172.16.2.1/255.255.255.0 IFACE=eth0 HWADDR=52:54:00:10:3b:15
Tue Aug 13 09:31:11 2019 TUN/TAP device tun0 opened
Tue Aug 13 09:31:11 2019 TUN/TAP TX queue length set to 100
Tue Aug 13 09:31:11 2019 /sbin/ip link set dev tun0 up mtu 1500
Tue Aug 13 09:31:11 2019 /sbin/ip addr add dev tun0 local 10.8.0.1 peer 10.8.0.2
Tue Aug 13 09:31:11 2019 /sbin/ip route add 10.8.0.0/24 via 10.8.0.2
Tue Aug 13 09:31:11 2019 Could not determine IPv4/IPv6 protocol. Using AF_INET
Tue Aug 13 09:31:11 2019 Socket Buffers: R=[212992->212992] S=[212992->212992]
Tue Aug 13 09:31:11 2019 UDPv4 link local (bound): [AF_INET][undef]:1194
Tue Aug 13 09:31:11 2019 UDPv4 link remote: [AF_UNSPEC]
Tue Aug 13 09:31:11 2019 MULTI: multi_init called, r=256 v=256
Tue Aug 13 09:31:11 2019 IFCONFIG POOL: base=10.8.0.4 size=62, ipv6=0
Tue Aug 13 09:31:11 2019 IFCONFIG POOL LIST
Tue Aug 13 09:31:11 2019 Initialization Sequence Completed

Press Ctrl + C and interrupt the process

Tue Aug 13 09:31:12 2019 event_wait : Interrupted system call (code=4)

Tue Aug 13 09:31:14 2019 /sbin/ip route del 10.8.0.0/24

Tue Aug 13 09:31:14 2019 Closing TUN/TAP interface

Tue Aug 13 09:31:14 2019 /sbin/ip addr del dev tun0 local 10.8.0.1 peer 10.8.0.2

Tue Aug 13 09:31:14 2019 SIGINT[hard,] received, process exiting

We start OpenVPN as a service, systemd allows you to run individual configurations by entering a name through ‘@’

user@localhost:~$ sudo systemctl start openvpn@server
user@localhost:~$ systemctl status openvpn@server

Open port 1194 in the firewall

If firewalld is active, we execute the commands

user@localhost:~$ sudo firewall-cmd --zone public --add-service=openvpn
user@localhost:~$ sudo firewall-cmd --runtime-to-permanent

For those who prefer iptables + netfilter-persistent before prohibiting rules, insert something like this

(It depends heavily on the current settings and before adding see what rules are already in iptables -nvL –line command)

user@localhost:~$ sudo iptables -I INPUT 4 -p tcp --dport 1194 -j ACCEPT user@localhost:~$ sudo service netfilter-persistent save

For those who chose nftables, we add the line in the /etc/nftables.conf file in the (chain) input chain before the prohibition rules

ip tcp dport 1194 accept

Reload the rules

On this, the basic setup on the server side can be considered complete

To begin upgrading the kernel to 4.19 on Debian 8, you must have an active instance of HOSTRY VPS. To install, you need to insert the following lines in the SSH or PuTTY client window, or use a VNC connection. Log in and press Enter. This will automatically install all the necessary packages that are needed for this update, as well as the gpg, kernel key and headers. Then the old core will be removed from your virtual server. After that, use the program to reboot the server and you will switch to a new kernel.

echo '
#!/bin/bash

# Add GPG Key
wget -O - -q https://debian.choopalabs.com/debian.choopalabs.com.gpg.key | apt-key add - 

# Add Vultr Kernel Repo
echo deb http://debian.choopalabs.com/repo/ jessie main >> /etc/apt/sources.list

# Install Vultr 4.19 Kernel
apt-get install -t jessie linux-image
apt-get install -t jessie linux-headers

# Remove old kernel
apt-get autoremove -y
rm -f /root/install-kernel.sh
' > /root/install-kernel.sh
chmod +x /root/install-kernel.sh
/root/install-kernel.sh

Install Dependencies

One thing to understand is that an external repository supported by CRAN should be added. For this, it is mandatory to install some dependencies, for Debian 9. First, install dirmngr in order to add an external repository

sudo apt install dirmngr --install-recommends

Then you need to add a link to PPA in Debian, we need to use the add-apt-repository command For installations where this command may not be available, you can add this utility to your system by installing software-properties-common:

sudo apt install software-properties-common

To support HTTPS (443 protocols), you must install the following

sudo apt install apt-transport-https

R Installing

First you need to add the corresponding GPG key

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --recv-key 'E19F5F87128899B192B1A2C2AD5F960A256A04AF'

After the command is run, the following will appear

Output
Executing: /tmp/apt-key-gpghome.k3UoM7WQGq/gpg.1.sh --keyserver keys.gnupg.net --recv-key E19F5F87128899B192B1A2C2AD5F960A256A04AF
gpg: key AD5F960A256A04AF: public key "Johannes Ranke (Wissenschaftlicher Berater) <johannes.ranke@jrwb.de>" imported
gpg: Total number processed: 1
gpg:               imported: 1

After the key has been received, add the repository. Note that if you are not using Debian 9 (Stretch), you can see the supported Debian R Project branches named for each release. You can find and familiarize yourself here: https://cran.r-project.org/bin/linux/debian/#supported-branches

sudo add-apt-repository 'deb https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/debian stretch-cran35/'

Next, run update. This is necessary to enable package manifests

sudo apt update

Next, approximately the following lines will be displayed:

Output…

Get:6 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/debian stretch-cran35/ InRelease [4,371 B] Get:7 https://cloud.r-project.org/bin/linux/debian stretch-cran35/ Packages [50.1 kB] …

Now you are ready to install R using the following command

sudo apt install r-base

Install R packages from CRAN

You need to install txtplot the library. It displays ASCII plots including scatter plot, line plot, density plot, acf plot and histograms:

install.packages('txtplot')

Here is the conclusion where exactly the package will be installed

Output…
Installing package into ‘/usr/local/lib/R/site-library’
(as ‘lib’ is unspecified)
. . .

After installation, we need to download txtplot:

library(‘txtplot’)

Then look, if there are no error messages, the library was loaded successfully!

So that you can get out of R, you can type q (). If you do not want to save the image of the workspace, you can press n.

Using with Debian 9 and 10

Install FFmpeg

$ sudo apt-get install ffmpeg

Check your installation

ffmpeg -version

After entering this code, you should see information about installing FFmpeg. This completes your setup correctly.

Using Debian 8

Editing the original list

$ sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list

Then you need to add to the end of the file

# deb-multimedia
deb http://www.deb-multimedia.org jessie main non-free
deb-src http://www.deb-multimedia.org jessie main non-free

# jessie-backports
deb http://httpredir.debian.org/debian/ jessie-backports main

After that, you need to save and close the file. Next, update the package list and install the deb-multimedia keychain

$ sudo apt-get update
$ sudo apt-get install deb-multimedia-keyring
$ sudo apt-get update

Install FFmpeg

$ sudo apt-get install ffmpeg

You can finally check the installation using the following command:

ffmpeg -version

If everything is completed correctly, then you should be able to see information about the successful installation of FFmpeg. At this stage, the configuration is complete.

Why use a task launcher?
In a word: automation. The less work you have to do when doing repetitive tasks like minification, compilation, unit testing, linting, etc., the easier your work becomes. Once you’ve configured it with the Gruntfile, the task executor can do most of this chore for you – and your team – with little or no effort. The Grunt ecosystem is huge and growing every day. With literally hundreds of plugins to choose from, you can use Grunt to automate almost anything with minimal effort. If someone else hasn’t created what you need, creating and publishing your own Grunt plugin in npm is a breeze.

How To Install

Before proceeding with the installation, you need to update the local package index. This can be done with the following command:

sudo apt-get update

Then install curl with:

sudo apt-get install curl

Next, add the NodeJS 8.x package repository:

curl -sL https://deb.nodesource.com/setup_8.x | sudo -E bash -

Then we need to install NodeJS and NPM along with development tools:

sudo apt-get install build-essential nodejs

Now check if NodeJS and NPM are really working on your server:

node --version && npm --version
#5.x.x
#v8.x.x

Then you need to Install Grunt:

sudo npm install -g grunt-cli

Then Ryou can run the command (described below) to check the version installed

grunt --version
#grunt-cli v1.2.0

Install Grunt into a new project

To install grunt you need to add two files. It need to be added to your project directory: package.json and Gruntfile.js.

• package.json: This file is used by NPM to store meta-data for projects published as NPM modules.
• Gruntfile.js: This file is named Gruntfile.js or Gruntfile.coffee`and is used to configure or define tasks, as well as to load Grunt plugins.

Change to the root directory of your package:

cd /path/to/project

Then you need to run the special command to create package.json file:

sudo npm init

Next, you will be asked to answer some questions, you need to answer them in the command line questionnaire. After creating the package.json file, install Grunt as a development dependency:

sudo npm install grunt --save-dev

Then you need to create the Gruntfile.js file:

nano Gruntfile.js

Then remains two things. First, you need to register a simple default task:

var grunt = require('grunt');
grunt.registerTask('default', 'default task description', function(){
  console.log('hello world');
});

Second, run the default task:

grunt

That’s all. The procedure to install GruntJS is finished.

Add MongoDB Public Key

This command adds the GPG MongoDB public key to the system key list:

apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 7F0CEB10

This key is necessary in order to ensure the consistency and authenticity of all packages.

Add MongoDB Storage

First you need to create the mongodb.list file to add the MongoDB repository to the system. You can do this with the following command:

echo "deb http://repo.mongodb.org/apt/debian "$(lsb_release -sc)"/mongodb-org/3.0 main" | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mongodb-org-3.0.list

Package Updates

To get information about the latest packages, please nter the command:

apt-get update

Install MongoDB packages

To install the latest stable version of MongoDB, use the following command:

apt-get install -y mongodb-org

• mongodb-org-server
• mongodb-org-mongos
• mongodb-org-shell
• mongodb-org-tools

*Here are 4 packages that mongodb-org automatically install

Launch MongoDB

After installation is complete, MongoDB starts automatically. If you need to manually start the MongoDB server, use the following command:

service mongod start

To stop and restart mongodb processes, use this commands:

service mongod stop

service mongod restart

You can access the MongoDB shell by running the following command: (this allows you to connect to the MongoDB server)

mongo

When the shell starts, you will see the output in the following format:

MongoDB shell version: 3.0.0
connecting to: test
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